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Background: Dental morphological traits are helpful for understanding differences within and between species as well as for supplying data for genetic and phylogenetic research. Carabelli cusps can be used to compare and characterize populations because they are manifested in varying degrees and at varied frequency among humans. A tubercle or groove that is frequently observed on the palatal surface of the mesiopalatal cusp of maxillary permanent and maxillary second deciduous molars is known as the Carabelli cusp. Many studies have been conducted worldwide and different parts of India, except East India.

Aims: This study set out to ascertain the Carabelli structure’s prevalence and level of expression in the East Indian population.
Subjects and Methods: The data were collected by examination of 262 patients along with their dental cast aged 7 – 40 years (118 males, 144 females) undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Results: In the first maxillary molars, the Carabelli structure was present in 50.4% of cases and expressed on both sides in 97% of cases. It was determined that the Carabelli structure expressed itself as a groove 26% of the time and as a cusp 24.4% of the time. Out of 12 mixed dentition cases those were showing carabelli structure 10 shows very similar structure both deciduous 2nd molar and permanent first molar bilaterally.

Conclusion: Half of the East Indian population has a degree of expression of the Carabelli structure. Strong bilateralism and similar expression of both deciduous second molar and permanent first molar suggest a genetic predisposition of this structure.

Keywords: Cusp, Carabelli cusp, Morphology

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